{"id":699,"date":"2025-11-26T16:35:10","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T13:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/?p=699"},"modified":"2026-02-15T14:49:24","modified_gmt":"2026-02-15T11:19:24","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%af-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%aa%d8%b1%da%a9%db%8c%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ba%d8%b0%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%84-%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%af-%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%aa%d8%b1%da%a9%db%8c%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ba%d8%b0%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc 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\u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f (Santos et al., 2019; Wilkens et al., 2020). \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 DCAD \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f (Hu &amp; Murphy, 2004; Zimpel et al., 2018).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 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\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc DCAD \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc (\u0622\u0644\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0698\u0646\u06cc\u06a9) \u0648 \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc DCAD \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc (\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0698\u0646\u06cc\u06a9) \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc pH \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a (Oetzel, 2018; Santos et al., 2019). <\/strong>\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 pH \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 5.5 \u062a\u0627 6.5 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0622\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 (+H) \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f\u061b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 100 \u062a\u0627 150 \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0627\u0648 \u0622\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 630 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 40 \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 DCAD \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647(mEq\/kg):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-785\" src=\"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Feb-15-2026-02_47_17-PM-300x200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"826\" height=\"551\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Feb-15-2026-02_47_17-PM-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Feb-15-2026-02_47_17-PM-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Feb-15-2026-02_47_17-PM-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Feb-15-2026-02_47_17-PM-600x400.png 600w, https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ChatGPT-Image-Feb-15-2026-02_47_17-PM.png 1236w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 DCAD \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\">(Na + K) \u2212 (Cl + S)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\">(Na + K) \u2212 Cl<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\">(Na + K + Ca + Mg) \u2212 (Cl + S + P)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\">(Na + K + 0.38Ca + 0.30Mg) \u2212 (Cl + 0.65S + 0.50P)<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 1 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0640 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f DCAD \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u067e\u0648\u06a9\u0644\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc DCAD \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 +150 \u062a\u0627 +350 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0628 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 DCAD \u062a\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0646\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0628 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u062b\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DCAD \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0622\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u060c DCAD \u0628\u064a\u0646 100- \u062a\u0627 200- \u00a0\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0647 DCAD \u0628\u064a\u0646 50- \u062a\u0627 100- \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 DCAD (NRC, 2001)<\/p>\n<p>\u06af\u0627\u0648 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0647: +20 \u062a\u0627 +40 mEq\/kg<\/p>\n<p>\u06af\u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0634\u06a9: \u221210 \u062a\u0627 \u221215 mEq\/kg<\/p>\n<p>\u06af\u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc: +30 \u062a\u0627 +43 mEq\/kg<\/p>\n<p>\u06af\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc: \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f +30 mEq\/kg<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 DCAD \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 D \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u06af\u0648\u06af\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644(1):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">DCAD= (Na<sup>+<\/sup> + K<sup>+<\/sup>) \u2013 (Cl<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> + S<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>)<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641) \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u00a0Ca\u060c Mg \u00a0\u0648 P<\/p>\n<p>\u0628) \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f CaCl\u2082 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 NaCl \u00a0\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0640 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 DCAD<\/p>\n<p>DCAD (mEq\/kg DM) = (%Na \/ 0.0023 + %K \/ 0.0039) \u2212 (%Cl \/ 0.0035 + %S \/ 0.00166)<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>Na = 0.15%<\/p>\n<p>K = 1.3%<\/p>\n<p>Cl = 0.7%<\/p>\n<p>S = 0.4%<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 DCAD \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>\u221251.45 mEq\/kg DM \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Beede, D. K. 2005. Formulation of rations with optimal captions and anions (DCAD) for lactation. Proc. Tri-State Dairy Nutr. Conf., pp. 93-112.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\">Block, E. 1994. Manipulation of dietary caution-anion difference on nutritionally related production diseases, productivity, and metabolic responses of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:1437-1450.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\">E. 1984. Manipulation dietary anions and cat ions for prepartum daily cows to reduce incidence of milk fever. J. Dairy Sci. 67:2939.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\">Goff, J. P., and R. L. Horst. 1997. Effects of the addition of potassium or sodium, but not calcium, to prepartum rations on milk fever in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80:176-186.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\">Hu, W., and M. R. MurpHy. 2004. Dietary cation-anion difference effects on performance and acid-base status of lactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J. Dairy Sci. 87:2222-2229.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\">National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00d8\u00a0 Jim Linn and Mary Raeth-Knight, \u00a02007.\u00a0 Dietary \u00a0cation-anion difference update. Published in Dairy Star June.(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.extension.umn.edu\/agriculture\/dairy\/feed-and-nutrition\/dietary-cation-anion-difference-update\/\">http:\/\/www.extension.umn.edu\/agriculture\/dairy\/feed-and-nutrition\/dietary-cation-anion-difference-update\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\">Lean, I. J., et al., 2014<br \/>\nMeta-analysis of dietary cation-anion difference and production responses.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\">Santos, J. E. P., et al., 2019\n<p>Effects of negative DCAD diets on calcium metabolism in transition cows.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\">Oetzel, G. R., 2018\n<p>Monitoring and application of anionic diets in dairy herds.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\">Wilkens, M. R., et al., 2020\n<p>Physiology of calcium homeostasis in dairy cattle.<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Zimpel, R., et al., 2018<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Dietary DCAD and milk production responses.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u2013\u0622\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 (Dietary Cation-Anion Difference; DCAD) \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u2013\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u0644\u0638\u062a \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062f\u06cc\u0645 (Na\u207a)\u060c \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0645 (K\u207a)\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u0631 (Cl\u207b) \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u06af\u0631\u062f (S\u00b2\u207b) \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 DCAD \u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u2013\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=699"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":786,"href":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/699\/revisions\/786"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aminehgostar.com\/fa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}